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Troparion to St. Raphael
Rejoice,
O Father Raphael, Adornment of the holy Church! Thou art Champion of
the True Faith, Seeker of the lost, Consolation of the oppressed, Father
to orphans, and Friend of the poor, Peacemaker and Good Shepherd, Joy
of all the Orthodox, Son of Antioch, Boast of America; Intercede with
Christ God for us and for all who honor thee.
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Our holy Father Raphael was born in Syria in 1860 with the name
Rafia. The exact date of Raphael's birth is not known, but he estimated
it to be on or near his Name Day, the Synaxis of the Holy Archangels
Michael and Gabriel and all the Bodiless Powers of Heaven, November 8.
St. Raphael attended elementary school, where he did very well, but
in 1874 it appeared that his father would no longer be able to afford
his son's tuition. Fortunately, help came from Deacon Athanasios Atallah
(later Metropolitan of Homs), who recommended to Patriarch Hierotheos
of Antioch that Rafia be accepted as a student of the Patriarchate in
preparation for the priesthood.
Since the Balamand Seminary had been closed in 1840, Patriarch
Joachim III of Constantinople invited the Patiarch of Antioch to send at
least one deserving student to study on scholarship at the School of
Theology at Halki, and Saint Raphael was the one who was selected to go.
On December 8, 1885 he was ordained to the diaconate at the school
chapel. Patriarch Gerasimos of Antioch was impressed with Deacon Raphael
and often took him along on his pastoral visitations of his parishes.
When His Beatitude could not be present, Deacon Raphael was asked to
preach the Word of God to the people.
The Patriarch gave his blessing, and Deacon Raphael was accepted as a student at the Theological Academy in Kiev.
When Patriarch Gerasimos resigned in order to accept the See of
Jerusalem, Archmandrite Raphael regarded this as an opportunity to free
the Church of Antioch from its domination by foreign hierarchs. In
November 1891 Metropolitan Spyridon, a Greek Cypriot, was elected as
Patriarch of Antioch. Many Arabs believed that he had purchased the
election by distributing 10,000 liras to several notable people in
Damascus. Archmandrite Raphael refused to commemorate the new Patriarch
during services at the Representation Church. As a result, he was
suspended from his priestly functions by Patriarch Spyridon. Saint
Raphael accepted his suspension, but continued to write articles in
Russian newspapers in defense of the Antiochian cause. The Patriarchs of
Antioch, Constantinople, Alexandria and Jerusalem successfully
petitioned the Tsar to forbid Russian newspapers from publishing his
articles. With this door closed to him, Saint Raphael began to publish
his writings in book form. Eventually, Patriarch Spyridon wrote to the
Assistant Oberprocurator of Russia, a friend of Saint Raphael's, asking
him to persuade Father Raphael to ask for the Patriarch's forgiveness.
He did so, and the suspension was lifted. Saint Raphael was allowed to
transfer from the jurisdiction of Antioch to the Church of Russia, and
to remain there. He went to Kazan, taking a position as instructor in
Arabic studies at the theological academy. He remained there until 1895
when he was invited by the Syrian Orthodox Benevolent Society of New
York to come to that city to be the pastor of the Arab Orthodox
community.
Archmandrite Raphael arrived in New York on November 2, 1895 and was
welcomed by a delegation of Arab Christians who were awaiting their
leader from Russia. On November 5, his first Sunday in America, he
assisted Bishop Nicholas in serving the Divine Liturgy at the Russian
Church in New York City. Less than two weeks after his arrival,
Archmandrite Raphael found a suitable place in lower Manhattan to set up
a chapel, and furnished it with ecclesiastical items that he had
brought with him from Russia. Bishop Nicholas blessed the new chapel,
which was dedicated to St. Nicholas of Myra.
In the summer of 1896, Saint Raphael undertook the first of several
pastoral journeys across the continent. He visited thirty cities between
New York and San Francisco, seeking out the Master’s lost sheep in
cities, towns, and on isolated farms. He fed the spiritually hungry
people with the word of God in each place where he stopped. He performed
marriages and baptisms, heard confessions, and celebrated the Divine
Liturgy in the homes of the faithful where there was no church building.
In other words, he zealously fulfilled his ministry as a preacher of
the Gospel, enduring many hardships and afflictions, and he was watchful
in all things concerning the care of his flock (2 Timothy 4:5).
In 1898, with the blessing of Bishop Nicholas, Saint Raphael produced
his first book in the New World – an Arabic language service book
titled The Book of True Consolation in the Divine Prayers. This book of
liturgical services and prayers was very useful to priests in
celebrating the divine services, and also to the people in their
personal prayer life. The English version published by Archimandrite
Seraphim Nassar is still being used today.
In March 1899, Saint Raphael received permission from Bishop Tikhon
to start collecting funds for a cemetery, and for building a new church
to replace the chapel, which was located in an old building on a dirty
street. In the spring he left on another pastoral tour of 43 cities and
towns. In Johnstown, PA, he reconciled those whose personal enmity
threatened to divide the Arabic community. Although civil courts had
been unable to make peace, Saint Raphael restored calm and put an end to
the bitter feud. While in Johnstown, he received a telegram informing
him that Metropolitan Melotios (Doumani) had been elected Patriarch of
Antioch. With great joy, Saint Raphael told his people that for the
first time in 168 years, a native Arab had been chosen as Primate of the
Antiochian Church.
After the new Patriarch had been installed, Archimandrite Raphael was
proposed to succeed Meletios as Metropolitan of Latakia. The Patriarch,
however, stated that the Holy Synod could not elect Father Raphael
because of his important work in America. In 1901, Metropolitan Gabriel
of Beirut wrote to Archimandrite Raphael asking him to be his auxiliary
bishop, but he declined saying he could not leave his American flock.
First, he wanted to build a permanent church and to acquire a parish
cemetery. The latter goal was achieved in August 1901, when Fr. Raphael
purchased a section of Mt. Olivet cemetery on Long Island.
In December 1901, Archimandrite Raphael was elected as Bishop of
Zahleh. Patriarch Meletios sent a telegram congratulating him and asking
him to return. Father Raphael thanked the Patriarch, but again declined
the higher office. He said that he wished to complete the project of
building a temple for the Syrian community of New York. The following
year, he bought an existing church building on Pacific Street in
Brooklyn, and had it remodeled for Orthodox worship. Bishop Tikhon
consecrated the church to the great joy of the faithful in attendance.
Thus, Saint Raphael’s second major project was finished.
Since the number of parishes with the Diocese of North America was
growing, Bishop Tikhon found it impossible to visit all of them. The
Diocese had to be reorganized in order to administer it more
efficiently. Therefore, Bishop Tikhon submitted a plan to the Russian
Holy Synod which would transfer the See from San Francisco to New York
because most parishes and individuals were concentrated in the East.
Since various ethnic groups required special attention and pastoral
leadership, Bishop Tikhon proposed that Archimandrite Raphael be made
his second vicar bishop, with the Bishop of Alaska his first.
| America's Most Beautiful Neighborhoods: Brooklyn Heights |
In 1903, the Holy Synod of Russia unanimously elected Archimandrite
Raphael to be the Bishop of Brooklyn, while retaining him as head of the
Syro-Arab Orthodox Mission in North America. The Holy Synod announced
the election to Patriarch Meletios, who was pleased by their decision.
Bishop Tikhon wrote to Saint Raphael to inform him of his election, and
Father Raphael sent him a letter of acceptance. Meanwhile, Father
Innocent Pustynsky was consecrated at Saint Tikhon's first auxiliary
bishop at St. Petersburg’s Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan.
On the third Sunday of Great Lent 1904, Saint Raphael became the
first Orthodox to be consecrated on American soil. Bishops Tikhon and
Innocent performed the consecration at Saint Nicholas Cathedral in
Brooklyn. The new bishop’s vestments were a gift from Tsar Nicholas II.
After his consecration, Bishop Raphael continued his pastoral labors,
ordained priests, and assigned them to parishes, and helped Bishop
Tikhon in the administration of the diocese.
At the end of 1904, Bishop Raphael announced his intention to publish
a magazine called Al-Kalimat (The Word) as the official publication of
the Syro-Arab Mission. Bishop Raphael knew that he could not visit all
Orthodox Christians across North America in person, but through the
ministry of the printed word he could preach the word of salvation even
to people he would never meet.
In July 1905, Bishop Raphael consecrated the grounds for Saint
Tikhon’s Monastery and blessed the orphanage at South Canaan, PA. Three
days later, he presided at a conference of diocesan clergy at Old Forge,
PA, because Archbishop Tikhon was in San Francisco. Among the clergy in
attendance were three who would be numbered among the saints: Fathers
Alexis Toth, Alexander Hotovitzky, and John Kochurov. (The last two
would die as martyrs in Russia.)
| St. Raphael of Brooklyn with parishioners |
For the next ten years, Bishop Raphael tended his growing flock. With
the growth of his New York community came an increase in the number of
children, and he was concerned about their future. He wanted to
establish an evening school to educate them in a Christian atmosphere
because the future of the Church in this country depended on the
instruction of the youth. Children who did not speak Arabic were already
going to non-Orthodox churches, where Sunday School classes were
conducted in English. Bishop Raphael saw the absolute necessity for
using English in worship and in education for the future progress of the
Syro-Arab Mission.
Taking heed of Saint Paul’s words to pray in language that people
understood (1 Corinthians 14:15-19), Saint Raphael recommended the use
of the Service Book of the Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church,
translated by Isabel Hapgood, in all of his parishes.
In March 1907, Saint Tikhon returned to Russia and was replaced by
Archbishop Platon. Once again, Saint Raphael was considered for
Episcopal office in Syria, having been nominated to succeed Patriarch
Gregory as Metropolitan of Tripoli in 1908. The Holy Synod of Antioch
removed Bishop Raphael’s name from the list of candidates, citing
various canons forbidding a bishop being transferred from one city to
another.
On the Sunday of Orthodoxy in 1911, Bishop Raphael was honored for
his fifteen years of pastoral ministry in America. Archbishop Platon
presented him with a silver covered icon of Christ and praised him for
his work. In his humility, Bishop Raphael could not understand why he
should be honored merely for doing his duty (Luke 17:10). He considered
himself an “unworthy servant,” yet he did perfectly the work that fell
to him (Saint Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Ephesians).
Toward the end of 1912, Bishop Raphael became ill while working in
his office. Doctors diagnosed him with a heart ailment that eventually
caused his death. After two weeks he felt strong enough to celebrate the
Liturgy in his cathedral. In 1913-1914, this missionary bishop
continued to make pastoral visitations to various cities. In 1915, he
fell ill again and spent two months at home, bearing his illness with
patience. At 12:40 am on February 27, he rested from his labors.
From his youth, Saint Raphael's greatest joy was to serve the Church.
When he came to America, he found his people scattered abroad, and he
called them to unity. He never neglected his flock, but traveled
throughout America, Canada, and Mexico in search of them so that he
might care for them. He kept them from straying into strange pastures,
and he protected them from spiritual harm. During twenty years of
faithful ministry, he nurtured them and helped them to grow. At the time
of his death, the Syro-Arab Mission had thirty parishes with 25,000
faithful.
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| St. Raphael's consecration, from the Brooklyn Daily Eagle (3/14/1904) |
Saint Raphael came into contact with all sorts of people, and was a
gentle father to them. He gained their love and respect by first loving
them, and also through his charming personality and excellent character.
He was always kind and merciful with others, but was strict with
himself. He accomplished many good things during his earthly life, and
now he joins the holy angels in offering ceaseless prayer and praise to
God.
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| Brooklyn Bridge - New York, USA |
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